Castuera is a municipality located in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura. It was founded in the 13th century as one of the villages that were part of the Royal Dehesa of La Serena under the tutelage of the Order of Alcántara.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the town experienced a period of splendour due to the conquest of America. Pedro de Valdivia, the conqueror of Chile, was from this municipality. The main monuments of the town, such as the various hermitages and churches, date from this period.
After the fall of the Ancien Régime in the 19th century, it became an independent constitutional municipality.