Oliva de Plasencia is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura. Its origins date back to ancient times, as remains of the old Municipium Flavium Caparense have been found in this area.
The foundation of the current town took place in the 12th century by the kings of León. At the beginning of the Modern Age, it came into the hands of the Carvajal family, one of the most important noble families of the time.
In the 19th century, following the fall of the Old Regime, it became an independent constitutional municipality. In 1916, it changed its name from Oliva to Oliva de Plasencia.